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Meet my friends, Frank and Tammy. A sure win for those achy joints and flu like symptoms. All oils contain a beautiful combination of components that contain properties that ease pain as well as components such as myrcene that can ease respiratory issues. Some components may not penetrate the skin well. However, the B-caryophyllene in the Cannibus sativa (Hemp) is an excellent skin penetrator and assists other components along. Other major components in this blend include but not limited to Terpinen-o-l, Sabinene, b-Pinene and a-Pinene. Some therapeutic actions work as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-bacterial, antispasmodic, activates white blood cells, antioxidant, relaxant, antispasmodic and much more. If diffusing or adding to an inhaler, leave out the Tamanu carrier oil.

**Since writing this, I've discovered that Odorata is on the endangered list, so we recommend replacing with Eucalyptus Globulus or Radiata.**

Patches of Thyme www.patchesofthyme.com Whether preparing for a baby, nursing, caring for our families or in pre-menopause, perimenopausal or postmenopausal, maintaining our health is important. Season after season, God has given us the tools and resources to be able to maintain our health naturally. “Be prepared in season and out of season" (2 Timothy 4:2 NIV) Herbs and the knowledge to use them is a gift to help prepare our body for a baby. A knowledgeable midwife or herbalist can help you utilize these gifts God has given us. According to Aviva Romm, about 1 in 5 women will have difficulty conceiving if they wait until they are over the age of 35. If you plan to become pregnant, preparing and continuing a healthy lifestyle (preconception) prepares us for the special time. "Therefore, prepare your minds for action." (1 Peter 1:13 NIV) Discussing Way’s to Prepare for Your Special Time Addressing toxins and how to cleanse our bodies using herbs and detox baths is the first important step. Some toxins are excreted through the primary routes of elimination, others must first be transformed by the liver. Through a series of reaction, the liver can convert some toxins to a more water-soluble form which will aid excretion in the urine, breathe or sweat. But is that enough? Many people are exposed to toxins daily. Some of these toxins include aluminum, lead, pesticides, fluoride and chlorine. (1) How can we help the liver work more effectively with herbs? Dandelion- This herb is a very mild chloretic, which helps stimulate the release of bile from the liver. By releasing the bile from the liver it can help breakdown steriod, hormones and have a mild laxative effect. Dandelion is a wonderful herbal diuretic. It is a nutritive. It contains vitamins A,C, D, and B as well as iton, magnesium, zinc and potassium. Many consider dandelion a nuisance in their yards, but many herbalists have found numerous uses for this great herb (1) Nettle - This herb has been known to increase fertility while gently eliminating toxins from the uterus and kidney. Nettle is an excellent source of iron and many midwives suggest using nettle in addition to other herbs in a nourishing protocol. The use of nettle as a tonic for the female reproductive system goes back to the Native Americans who used it throughout pregnancy and also to stop hemorrhaging during childbirth. Overall it is considered one of the best women's tonics around. The Botanical Safety Handbook gives nettle the highest safety ratings. (herb mentor). Nettle contains vitamin A, C and K. Milk Thistle- Milk thistle is very well known as a liver herb. It protects the liver against toxins and viruses while healing the liver. It also has a great benefit of stimulating the liver to cleanse while also stimulating it to renew liver cells. Milk thistle supports hormonal balance. Sylmarin is the main constituent in milk thistle that protects liver health. All around this herb is a great addition to a natural fertility plan. (1) Detox baths - A detox bath once a day would be helpful. Here is a simple recipe to help release tension, and gently detox. 1 cup Epsom salts 1/2 cup lavender 1/4 cup calendula 1/3 cup rose petals 1/4 cup elderflowers 1/3 cup chamomile Directions: Mix all together. In a foot bath use about 1/2 cup and use about one cup in a bathtub. A bath is a very efficient way to get missing minerals in our body. Magnesium and other herbs are absorbed though our skin. The Epsom salts are the magnesium very much needed and the other herbs were chosen for stress relief, anti-bacterial properties, anti-inflammatory properties, and astringent properties. Preparation of the uterus can begin anytime. You can utilize many of these tips even years before conceiving. Red Raspberry leaf tea - This wonderful herb tones and strengthens uterine muscles. It contains an alkaloid called fragine, a chemical constituent that strengthens muscle tissue. It can also help normalize blood flow during menstruation. In addition, it keeps contractions nice and regular when in labor. Traditionally it is the overall best herb for the female reproductive system. This herb is fantastic to take during entire childbearing years. It is very high in iron, calcium along with vitamins D, B, A and C. NOTE: Red raspberry leaf is a stimulant and caution should always be used if pregnant. If there is a history of miscarriage this should not be used until at least the 16th week of pregnancy and then under the guidance of an herbalist Mug Wort- Matthew Wood calls mug wort "restorative" to the injured female nature. This herb very gently increases circulation to the uterus and pelvis. Mug wort goes back to the 17th century as an herb for women. (2) Women of the Cheyenne tribe has used it for years to regulate fertility. It’s favored as a uterine stimulant. Caution: Since mug wort is a uterine stimulant it should be stopped during pregnancy. Vitex- Vitex is warm, diffusive and normalizing for the entire reproductive system. It can help balance both estrogen and progesterone thereby addressing infertility. By bringing balance, it helps the reproductive system function optimally. However, it is a very slow acting herb and women may not see any results for three to six months. Aviva Romm suggests vitex where there is cycle irregularity (such as when a woman coming off the birth control pill) (2) Some herbalists also seem to suggest taking it during early pregnancy to keep progesterone levels high. There does not appear to be real evidence for this though- so it is always wise to check with a certified herbalist. IMPORTANT: If a woman is taking hormonal birth control pills taking Vitex at the same time is discouraged as it can render the birth control pills actions and possibly make it ineffective. Next, we can move on to foods and how they help to prepare out body to be in the best health for pregnancy. Good nutrition can sometimes be overlooked in helping fertility along in both men and women. It is important to consider choosing a diet of while foods, some of which would include organic vegetable, fruits, whole grains, healthy fats (such as avocado, olive oil, coconut oil) (3). Choosing a variety of whole foods, you will be giving your body a wide range of vitamins, nutrients and minerals to help prepare your body for pregnancy. Some foods to consider including in your diet would be: kombucha fermented foods honey or maple sugar as sweeteners fresh green vegetables unrefined oils fresh wild caught fish pastured eggs Some foods to avoid would be: artificial sweeteners processed meats "He gives wisdom to the wise and knowledge to the discerning" (Daniel 2:21, NIV) Infertility is defined as difficult getting pregnant or the inability to carry a pregnancy to term. The official diagnosis of being infertile is given to couples who have been trying to conceive for one year. Infertility affects nearly 10-15 percent of couples. (4). What should a Christian couple do for infertility? Live a healthy lifestyle in preparation for pregnancy. Pray for God's will in their lives. "Every good and perfect gift is from above “James 1:17. We can also search God's bounty of herbs for help. Red Clover - This herb is an excellent fertility herb due to the high amounts of calcium and magnesium. These minerals are very important, too little of these can affect a women's ability to conceive. Red Clover is an alkalizing herb and very effective for balancing hormones for enabling conception. Balancing your body (acid/ to alkaline PH) goes a long way to preparing your body to conceive. Red Raspberry leaf - This is an all-around wonderful herb for women at any stage in life. It is effective for preparing a women’s body for conception as it is a highly soothing uterine tonic. (3) Red raspberry leaf is rich in minerals and vitamins and especially high in chelated iron. Lemon Balm - There are a few different ways lemon balm can help with conceiving. Our thyroid needs to work at optimum levels for pregnancy to last. Lemon balm is amazing at helping the thyroid do just that. With the thyroid working properly there is more chance of pregnancy going to term. Another way it is helpful is to reduce stress. Many fertility herbalists will suggest lemon balm to reduce stress and give the calming effect. High level of stress will increase adrenalin and too much adrenalin will reduce the hormone progesterone, which is very important for fertility. Since lemon balm is a natural nervine herb it makes sense to use it to reduce stress symptoms, therefore helping provide an environment to boost the chance of pregnancy. (4) Some other ways to optimize our health in preparation for conception and pregnancy would be to start using natural household cleaning products, engaging in simple exercise and having a time of rest. God created us to have a time of rest. "Therefore, my heart is glad, and my tongue rejoices, my body also will rest secure. (Psalm 16:19 NIV) It is good to prepare our body for rest or sleep. This would include turning off all electronics early in the evening, reading a book in bed, having a calming tea at bedtime and praying. These practices can all focus our minds to rest and sleep. There are many herbs for use during this time of preparation for conception. Herbs connect us to God, the only true healer. By using them to aid in conception and prepare our bodies for pregnancy, we are allowing our body to be balanced and restored to its natural state. Disclaimer -This information is not meant to take the place of professional help or in any way diagnose or prescribe. Many herbs can be contraindicated for pregnancy. The herbs suggested in this article should be safe. However, it is always wise to check with an herbalist. Citations: 1. Natural Fertility and Wellness-Get pregnant naturally and balance your hormones. Natural fertility tips, recipes for fertility, and natural living information to help you be the healthiest you can be. (n.d.) Retrieved May 10,2016, from http://naturalfertilityandwellness.com/ 2. Romm A.J. (2010). Botanical medicine for women's health. St Louis, MO: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier 3. Herbal Remedies (n.d.) Retrieved May 10,2016, from http://www.anniesremedy.comchart_remedy.php 4. All About Lemon Balm. (n.d.) retrieved May 10,2016, from http://lemonbalm.org/ 5. What is infertility. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://americanpregnancy.org/infertility #herbs #health

Patches of Thyme http://patchesofthyme.com/ "For wisdom will enter your heart and knowledge will be pleasant to your soul"(Proverbs 2:10 NIV) As we head into fall, winter and the holiday season those with children may be thinking about the illness' that are passed around and around. The immune system is the body's strongest defense against infection. As herbalists many of us have had our kids right there in the gardens, and the kitchen growing up. I know mine did. Take your kids out to the garden, show them that plantain leaf just picked can help the itching from a bug bite. One of our daughters grew up reaching for the calendula salve every time she went in the pool. Having your children outside also is imperative for Vitamin D. As we do this we will be passing on some wonderful ancient traditions. Young children can benefit so much from the gentle healing of herbs. Let’s discuss some ways to keep our children healthy during this upcoming season. Nutrition can play a huge role in keeping healthy. Keeping your diet to wholesome healthy foods can go very far. Things like kiwi and strawberries are full of vitamin C, as is broccoli and kale. Extra vitamin C is helpful for fighting off an infection or an illness. Cranberries are high in vitamin C and are very beneficial to ward off kidney and bladder infections. Cucumbers also are great for kidney and bladder help as they are a very gentle and natural diuretic. If you have teens in the house they will enjoy making a skin tonic as it is great for acne help. Pop some grapes in the freezer for a yummy sweet treat. Your kids will get the added benefit of extra vitamin A, B, C, and including calcium, and potassium. Snacks like this can help avoid the sugar cravings. Make some bone broth and have your kids help you chop vegetable to make a delicious nutritious soup. Add plenty of garlic and onions to help the immune system stay healthy. Some medicinal herbs can also be added directly to a soup. Some to try would be dandelion root, burdock root or astragalus. This goes without saying but keep the white sugar away as much as possible as it weakens the immune system. Keeping your children on their regular schedule as much as possible is another way to keep them healthy. Putting them down at night at the same time is not always easy during the holiday season but helpful for keeping them healthy. Giving them some downtime during the afternoon perhaps with a healthy snack, a book or a movie. Making sure they have some form of exercise every day also is a good way to burn off energy and relieve some stress or anxious thoughts. Some herbal supplements that could be helpful are: Elder (sambucus nigra) According to Matthew Wood, elder was so widely used in folk medicine that it comprised a whole pharmacopoeia of the common folks. Shakespeare ranks it up with the worthies of medicine. [3] Elderberry is very common and for those that do not use many herbs, most have heard of or used elderberry. Elder is an antiviral, anticancer and depurative along with being a mucilage. Historically elder has been used for healing. Chris Hafner an herbalist in Minneapolis believes in the affinities of elder for infants and children. [3} Elderberries can be dried and used in a tea or elderberries cooked down into a syrup or jam. Chamomile (Matricaria recutita). Chamomile is one of my very favorite to grow in the garden. It is part of the daisy family and just has beautiful delicate little white flowers. it has a very gentle soft scent that smells subtly like apples. This is a very peaceful herb to have in your garden. "The Lord gives strength to his people, the Lord blesses his people with peace"(Psalm 29:11) is an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, depurative, nervine and diuretic. This herb is all around one of the best around for children. {1} It is very gentle and can be used as an oil or tea. It can help a colicky baby or the student who needs a bit of settling after school. It may boost serotonin which helps our wellbeing. {3}. Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) Marshmallow is an anti-inflammatory, demulcent, emollient and antibacterial along with being a mucilage. This herb is very easy to grow in the garden. It was one of my youngest daughter’s favorite herb in the garden. It is helpful for sore throats as it coats the throat. It can be helpful for both constipation and diarrhea. As a respiratory help it works as an expectorant. Catnip (Nepeta cararia) Catnip is a tonic, carminative and a diaphoretic. This is a wonderful herb for children who get restless or anxious about something. As a mild nervine it can calm them enough or works well to help them get to sleep without the grogginess in the morning. As a fever reducer it is helpful as it brings on sleep and perspiration. It can be quite bitter but combined with chamomile it would be quite pleasant. It is well known as causing excitability in cats but the complete opposite in humans {1}. Catnip is great to add to your arsenal of herbs for the fall season. Echinacea (E purpurea) Echinacea is widely known to improve the immune system. For children it is a nice alternative to pharmaceutical antibiotics. This herb is an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant and antiviral. It increases the body's protective line of defense, being very potent but still very safe. If taken at the onset of a cold or flu it can be very effective at fighting off the illness. It grows well, and it is full of beautiful purple coneflowers. Christopher Hobbs has quoted herbalist Brian Weissback of San Anselmo, Ca, saying "echinacea’s primary indication is lymphatic stasis with inflammation and immune depression. " This tends to be the traditional viewpoint and kind of downplays the attitude that echinacea is a cure-all. {3} Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Lemon balm is an antiviral, antiseptic, nervine, sedative and anti-depressant. The aromatic lift is very calming alone. For children that may get over stimulated during the holiday season this could be the perfect thing in the afternoon or evening to calm them down. "Then God said, Let the land produce vegetation seed bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it according to their various kinds"(Genesis 1"11 NIV) Dosing is an important topic and there are a few different ways herbalists go about it. There is the Young's Rule; Add 12 to the child’s age. Divide the child’s age by this total. An example of this is the dosage for a four-year-old; 4 divided by 16 =.25 or 1/4 of the adult dosage. Then we have the Cowling's Rule; Divide the number of child's next birthday by 24. Example; Dosage for a child who is 3, turning 4years old; 4 divided by 24 = .16 or 1/6 of the adult dosage. These are all taken directly from Rosemary Gladstar {1}. Another way to look at is a simpler way and it is called the Simpler's method. I for one tend to use this method. It tends to be simple and can be used for most types of herbal preparations. “Parts" are the term used to describe how much is used. {1} For example: 2 parts of chamomile to 1-part lemon balm could mean 2 cups of chamomile and 1 cup or lemon balm or 2 tablespoons of chamomile to 1 tablespoon lemon balm. It is very easy to transfer this method to any type of herbal preparation. Some different types of herbal preparations especially suited for children are: Infusions: This is simply a tea. A good ratio for an infusion might be 3 tablespoons for about each cup of water. This is a great effective way to get an herb into a child. It is easy to add a little honey and it is yummy for them. If you are looking for a very mild infusion steep for about 20 minutes or so. For a stronger infusion steep for 30-45 minutes. Infusions as medicinal should be given over the course of the day. Lozenges: These can also be called herbal candy. These can work well for some of the mucilage herbs that need to coat the throat. They can be flavored many ways. Honey, coconut, raisins or nuts can all be ground into lozenges. (disclaimer: honey should not be given to babies under the age of 2) Syrups: This is very common especially for the herb elder. Syrup is good way to make an elder herbal preparation. Syrups tend to be sweet and are easy for a child to take. An easy way for dosing on syrup is about 2 ounces of herbs to 1 quart of cold water {1}. Cook down until you have a nice thick tea. Strain the herbs out and add in about 1 cup of sweetener. (generally, honey is used, but molasses, maple syrup or a vegetable glycerin could also be used. Cook enough so all is blended. Store in a glass jar. Keeping it in the refrigerator it should keep for many months. Tinctures: Tinctures are very concentrated and very effective. For myself I use the Simpler method or the folksy method. Put your herbs in a glass jar and cover with vodka. It is important that the herbs are completely covered. Using fresh or dried should be fine; if using fresh you will need to use more. {4} Keep in a dark place for at least two weeks. This time period is called the maceration period. Straining the herbs out through a cheesecloth after the time period will give you a nice wonderful tincture. One to two drops in some water or juice should be a fine start. Starting in small dosages with a tincture should be enough for the body to rebalance itself. Holiday season can be so much fun for children. They think about all the anticipation of family gatherings, getting out of the routine, and time away from school. There are ways to keep your children healthy during this time. For nursing mamas keep in mind that the best way for your child to get herbal preparations is through your milk. Drinking three-four cups of tea a day should be enough to get the herb in your baby. It is not necessary to use all these herbs. Use what would work for the situation your child might be in. "He is like a tree planted by streams of water, which yields its fruit in season and whose leaf does not wither. Whatever he does prospers" (Psalm 1:3 NIV) Citations: 1. Gladstar, R, Books, S &Catalano R. (1999). Herbal Remedies for Children’s Health, United States Workman Publishing Company 2. Ellingson, D. (2006) God's Healing Herbs. Greeley, CO: Cladach Pub 3. Wood, M (1997) The book of Herbal Wisdom; Using plants as medicine. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books. 4. Hoffman, D., & Hoffman, F.N. (2003) Medical Herbalism; The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions Bear & Company #health #herbs

Lavender Lavendula angustifolia There are so many oils out there that we tend to wander away from one of the most powerful essential oils; Lavender Lavendula angustifolia. Lavender is one of the most valuable plants. French Lavender, one of my very favorites, is one of the oldest varieties found and the most valued. The pain constituents are linalyl acetate and linalool as well as geraniol, cineol, d-borneol, limonene pinene, caryophyllene. Internally (with proper guidance) can be an excellent tonic for spasms (antispasmodic). When many do not realize is that at high, toxic doses, it becomes an excitant for the central nervous system. There are a lot of great properties with Lavender including as an analgesic, bactericide, antiseptic, diuretic, antirheumatic, helps ease flatulence, great for migraines, vermifuge, emmenagogue, hypotensive, and we all know it is a great sleep aid (sedative). It’s one of the best cicatrisant, it’s antiseptic, and a central nervous system depressant. The list goes on which makes it one of the most power oils. Internally, grab your lavender flowers first. Boil water, turn off and add one tablespoon of flowers, steep for at least 10 minutes. For tummy issues, drink one cup before each meal and for sleep, one cup an hour before bed. Drinking a cup of anything right before bed may have you up during the night, thus an hour before. If you insist on using the essential oils internally, never use essential oils on children, never use essential oils on someone other than yourself. Using 2-5 drops, depending on your needs (less is best), add to honey. As an analgesic, I take I tablespoon on an empty stomach to reduce sensitivity, but it leaves my mind alert, although relaxed. I’ve not even touched on all the uses of Lavender. It’s one of the best for healing closed wounds and scars, the tincture is a great scalp rub, you can’t beat it for bug bites with equal parts Lavender and alcohol, best bath. So, grab your Lavender. And always remember, dilute dilute. Lavender is a gentle oil. Depending on your needs, blend anywhere from 2% or 18 drops per ounce for children, elderly and those with sensitive skin and never use on open wounds. For more serious issues, you can go anywhere from 5-10 %, keeping in mind this is for acute or chronic issues and to be used for a short duration, suggest 2 days then ease down. So let's look at some safe essential oil uses for the family: Anxiety (Momma's love) 3 drops Lavender Lavendula angustifolia 2 drops Clary Sage Salvia sclarea Add to 1 teaspoon vegetable oil. Apply to wrists, neck or wherever you prefer Beautiful Relaxing Body Lotion (adult) 20 drops Frankincense Boswellia carterii 8 drops Lavender Lavendula angustifolia 10 drops Jasmine absolute Jasminum grandiflorum 8 drops Cedarwood Juniperus virginiana 5 drops Rose otto Rosa damascena Combine and add 27 drops to one ounce unscented lotion or Jojoba oil. Cough and Congestion (blend with carrier or diffuse) (family friendly) 10 Drops Cedarwood Juniperus virginiana 15 Drops Tea Tree Melaleuca alternifolia 5 Drops Frankincense Boswellia carterii 10 Drops Lavender Lavendula angustifolia 10 Drops Lemon Citrus limon Note: Cedarwood (Juniperus virginiana) is one of the most effective EO's in treating coughs and respiratory concerns for any age. Tea Tree is one of the best airborne antimicrobial, anti-viral as well as other therapeutic effects. Frankincense is a huge immunostimulant plus plus and I'd put Lavender because its main constituent is linalol which makes it a great analgesic oil. Because of the constituent d-limonene, around a high of 70%, Lemon is an excellent anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-depressant, antioxidant, great immune stimulant and perfect with blends because it enhances skin penetration.

As essential oils have become more and more popular, many want to learn internal use. Over the years, I have said as well as other Aromatherapists on different levels of knowledge “do not ingest without proper schooling”, leaving people scratching their head and looking elsewhere for this wealth of knowledge. Naturally we will turn to what resources we have available. And at times, those resources end up being salespeople or other essential oil novelists that give unsafe advice. Unfortunately, unsafe advice is also given through some not so reliable websites. Knowing which oils are safe to use internally, knowing the safest methods, having the knowledge to determine whether your ailment is an internal issue or external issue, all play an important role in your decision to use your oils internally. My recommendation is to not ingest unless you have been trained on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of essential oils. Clinical Aromatherapists have been and can assist. If you decide to take on this type of application, there are a few things you can do to minimize risk. Tisserand outlines hazard identification, dose-response analysis, exposure quanitification, and risk characterization of internal use. Dose-response analysis is gathered through research, analyzing how much is enough and how long is enough to be effective for the issue without becoming a risk. The complexity of steps to do this ensure safe use. However, even in research, it is known that to determine what becomes a risk to an individual, we must know the basis of ones’ genetics. Research gives us a “guide” to go by but we must analyze the individual person as well. When there are chemicals involved, whether produced by man or referring to the chemistry of nature, there is always a risk IF the appropriate steps are not taken to protect you or your client. “Nature” or “natural” does not mitigate safety. Essential oils, are by nature, made of chemical components. There can be anywhere from 20-200 components within an oil. Although all components make up an oil, it's the major components that play the healing role and, dependent on the component, can actuate risk. “With hazard comes risk”. Knowing which components within an oil is considered a hazard or toxic, or are irritants, can save one from taking hazardous risks. There are both harmful and protective therapeutic chemicals within oils. The “one shoe fits all” scenario does not apply. Along with knowledge of chemical components in essential oils, to avoid risk of a toxic reaction, you need the susceptibility of an individual. To understand the susceptibility, you need to know the age, body weight, health issues including chronic illnesses, pregnancy, blood pressure or other circulatory problems, as we as medications related to the individual. Even hereditary traits can be taken into consideration. Before taking on internal use, it necessary to know what components and percentages are within your oil and to know this, you must obtain a Gas Chromotography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis report. This should be easily attainable from the company where you purchase your essential oils. The companies that I purchase from always have these upfront with each oil. The purpose is to not only show you what components are in your oil, it also reveals the percentage of each component as well as finds any synthetic ingredients that may have been added. You’ll use these reports to look up the safety and therapeutic uses of the components within the oil. I prefer companies that use outside labs for testing. Components, therapeutic uses, safety concerns and, in some cases, the molecular structure can be located using various resources: Tisserand’s Essential Oil Safety, 2nd Ed., Sylla Sheppard-Hanger’s ‘The Aromatherapy Practitioner Reference Manual’ from Atlanta Institute of Aromatherapy, The Practice of Aromatherapy by Dr. Jean Valnet or join the Aromahead component database at https://components.aromahead.com/. A resource of scientific based research and a place to learn about the individual components can be located at https://PubChem.com. Many components are mucous membrane irritants and whether delivered in the proper dosing vehicle or not, in the wrong vehicle (ex.: water) or in large doses the essential oil can become harmful and irritating rather than have the healing effect. With large doses brings risk of irritation to your gastric intestinal tract and mucous membrane irritation. Some oils/components can affect blood coagulation, some exert hypoglycemic effects, or more. Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body or on microorganisms or parasites within or on the body and the mechanisms of drug action and the relationship between drug concentration and effect. This applies to essential oils as well. The other aspect of internal use is pharmacokinetics of essential oils; how our body interacts with essential oil components and how these compounds are metabolized and excreted from the body. Pharmacokinetics is of crucial importance to those seeking to fully understand the therapeutic dynamics of essential oils. Learning pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics leads to safe, effective use. In the drug industry, at the pharmaceutical phase, when designing drugs for oral administration product formulation is taken into consideration. A pill is not simply a compressed mass of drug molecules. Rather, it is a complicated mixture of fillers, binders, lubricants, disintegrants, colouring agents, and flavoring agents. If you insist on using essential oils internally prior to a formal education, stick with oils that are non-toxic, non-irritating oils. That means staying away from irritant oils including but far from limited to Clove, Cinnamon, and Peppermint. These oils are known as mucous membrane irritants because of irritant components within the chemical family/families of these oils. Some concerning components are cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, carvicol, menthone and menthol. There is an excellent choice of essential oils that are great for digestive issues without these irritants. How do we know which oil is great for digestive issues? There can be any number of digestive issues from nauseous migraines or vertigo, gastritis, ulcer, stomach bug, IBS, etc. Safe oils for these issues can vary including sweet marjoram, roman chamomile, lavender lavendula angustifolia, frankincense boswellia sacra and frankincense boswellia carterii. I use one delivery method of essential oils, and depending on the ailment, it may be either gelatin or enteric capsules. The carriers I use within my capsules is either honey, olive oil or other vegetable oil and herbs. There are several other methods but requires training to use safely. The dose depends on who you are treating and the above concerns as discussed earlier; i.e. age, health, weight. When using gelatin caps, you need to know how much they hold. For example, a 00-gel cap holds about 0.75 mL. One to two drops of essential oil is sufficient dispersed in a carrier. If the symptom is due to an ailment in the lower bowels, for example IBS, you would need to use enteric capsules which do not dissolve before reaching the lower bowels where the environment is pH6.8 or above. Another alternative is vitamin C tablets with one drop of essential oil. Internal use should only be used short term. What defines short term? It depends on the ailment. I would suggest 1-2 days every 2 hours or for more chronic ailments, 1 week every 4 hours. Remember that less is best. Choosing to use more than directed will not cure your ailment any faster. Before reaching for your essential oils, keep in mind there is a gentle and effective choice of other treatments. When treating ailments and most certainly children’s ailments, the first thing I reach for and recommend is infusions of herbs, tinctures, or syrups. Chamomile flowers are perfect for an infusion for the littles ones’ tummy, to calm our minds or to assist with a restful night. For otherwise healthy adults with tummy issues, I would suggest using 2 to 4 drops of Roman chamomile (not German) essential oil, in honey or other suggested solution 2 or 3 times a day. This suggestion is found in Dr. Jean Valnet’s ‘The Practice of Aromatherapy. Pg. 102. Another method is a vermifuge. Using 1 tablespoon of chopped plant per cup of boiled water, infuse for 10 minutes and drink before bed or first thing in the morning and a cupful half an hour before meals. As you can see, it is unnecessary to use essential oils for each ailment or concern when the parent plant works quite well, especially with children. And this method can be used with other safe oils/herbs/flowers, such as Lavender Lavendula angustifolia. For aches and pains, local booboos, headaches, allergies, sleep assistance, depression, and other issues that herbs cannot help, you can use safe essential oils, treat topically or through diffusion. It’s imperative to understand that internal use should only be used for chronic or acute internal symptoms/illnesses and not all internal symptoms require or need internal treatment. To better understand the importance of internal use knowledge, let’s look at treating infections. Infection does not automatically follow the penetration of an organism by a microbe; the germ must locate a suitable breeding ground. A microbe (bacterium, virus, bug, germ) isn’t always the reason for being ill. A microbe finds an organism that is deficient and attacks. Although the microbe needs to be addressed, if we only treat the microbe and not find the root of the problem and bring homeostasis back, it defeats the purpose. The fact that a microbe has invaded an organism is not in itself sufficient for the infection to develop. The germ attacks when the right breeding ground is located. To truly address your ailment, we go full circle back to the importance of training for proper internal use and to understand the therapeutic properties of components within the oils as well as the safety information. Without training and component knowledge, you may not know which essential oil is considered an anti-microbial, anti-bacterial or immune supporter. Bottom line, reach for those herbs first. The parent plant is powerful and healing; when used correctly and are relatively safe. When in doubt, grab those herbs. Always put safety first. References: Clinical Aromatherapy, Jane Buckles https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=pharmocokinetics+essential+oils Tisserand and Young, EO Safety, 2nd Ed. https://study4med.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/medicinal_chemistry.pdf; pg. 13 The Aromatherapy Practitioner Reference Manual, Sylla Sheppard-Hanger https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6432254#section=Top https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=lavender+essential+oil The Practice of Aromatherapy, Dr. Jean Valnet #herbs #health #essentialoil

Soothing Facial Serum by Rehne With summer coming to an end and fall creeping in, my skin is going through a phase so I'm going to whip up a serum to use under my moisturizer. I've used this same recipe for several years and love it. I use hempseed because of the gamma-linolenic acid which helps reduce those tiny lines. The second is apricot kernel oil. I love this stuff. It's used in cosmetics because it absorbs nicely into your skin. It's a great source of oleic acid which is why it penetrates to well. It's also rich in vitamin E. The last one is camellia seed. It's also high in oleic acid and it's perfect for dry, dry damaged or aging (eek, me) skin. Some other choices that contain oleic acid is avocado, argan, lovely sweet almond, and marula. The three oils I chose are Jasmine, Neroli and Grapefruit, three of my favorites. Grapefruit needs to be kept under 4% of the overall product to avoid skin irritation. The dermal maximum suggested for Jasmine is 0.7% of the overall product to avoid irritation as well as the aroma could be a bit overwhelming, especially on the face. and the Neroli has no safety concerns. HOWEVER, Neroli is often adulterated so be sure to purchase from a company that analyzes their oils by an outside lab. OK, why these oils? Let’s take a gander. Chemistry (major components only) Neroli Citrus aurantium var. amara Jasmine Absolute Jasminum grandiflorum Grapefruit Citrus paradisi NEROLI: Monoterpenes: b-pinene (10%), d-limonene (16%), Monoterpenols: linalol 44%) JASMINE: Esters: benzyl acetate (15%), benzyl benzoate (23%) GRAPEFRUIT: Monoterpenes: d-limonene (95%) Neroli: Pain reliever, inflammation, muscle tension and spasms. antibacterial, skin healer, depression, skin care, sedative, emotionally grounding, muscle tension Jasmine: pain reliever, muscle tension and spasms. antibacterial, skin healer, depression, skin care Grapefruit: Pain reliever, inflammation, anti-bacterial, immune stimulant, enhances skin penetration, anti-oxidant, astringent, uplifting, emotionally supportive Now for the recipe: 1/3 ounce each carrier oil 5 drops each Jasmine and Grapefruit, 10 drops Neroli Blend well. I use a squirt bottle and cotton ball. Apply to your freshly washed face under your moisturizer. Enjoy-Love, Rehne

PTSD, once referred to as “shell shock” or battle fatigue, was first brought to attention by war veterans, and is a result of a direct traumatic, tragic or a terrifying event that one has witnessed or experienced in their lives. This not only effects Veterans but also people that have experienced a tragic or traumatic event. Being frightened under these circumstances is normal. Fear triggers many split-second changes in the body to help defend against danger or to avoid it. This “fight-or-flight” response is a typical reaction meant to protect a person from harm. Nearly everyone will experience a range of responses after trauma, yet most people recover from initial symptoms naturally. Those who continue to experience problems may be diagnosed with PTSD. People who have PTSD may feel stressed or frightened whether danger is present or not. From my personal experience, this can occur at any given time, without notice. There is usually persistent frightening thoughts and memories of their ordeal and a feeling of being emotionally numb, especially with people they were once close to. (1) Some people, unaware, will block the trauma and have their memory come back later in life, leaving them even further traumatized. Most people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) repeatedly re-live the trauma in the form of nightmares, panic attacks, anxiety and disturbing recollections during the day. The nightmares or recollections may come and go, and a person may be free of them for weeks at a time, and then experience them daily for no particular reason. This can occur whether the person remembers the trauma or not. It can sit idly by with no memory, yet the symptoms can still take place. As is my case, it also lead to nocturnal seizures and epilepsy. With my daughter, her memory slowly returned after years of being sick. We never suspected that her IBS was directly connected to the brain and trauma as a child hidden from us and unknown to her. My child had endured such pain that she had forgotten it until her mid-twenties. The memories started returning and then through therapy, she was able to regain most of the memory and was diagnosed with PTSD. A childhood friend heard of this and confirmed the memory by telling her that she recalled as small children around 9 years of age, my daughter sharing the trauma with her; giving her details that Laura had not remembered. My daughters’ trauma coming out was heartbreaking and triggered even further daymares and attacks for me. Through therapy, I was diagnosed with Severe Complex PTSD. Other symptoms that may occur for those with PTSD include sleep problems, depression, substance abuse, feeling detached or numb, or being easily startled. As previously mentioned, there is the possibility of also loosing memory or cognition. They may lose interest in things they used to enjoy and have trouble feeling affectionate. They may feel irritable, aggressive, defensive, or even violent. Seeing things that remind them of the incident may be very distressing, which could lead them to avoiding certain places or situations that trigger memories. Anniversaries of the event are often very difficult. The disorder is also associated with impairment of the person’s ability to function in social or family life, including occupational instability, marital problems and divorces, family discord, and difficulties in parenting. What is Fear? Fear is a feeling induced by perceived danger or threat that occurs in certain types of organisms, which causes a change in metabolic and organ functions and ultimately a change in behavior, such as fleeing, hiding, or freezing from perceived traumatic events. Or, in simpler terms, it’s an unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or something is dangerous, likely to cause pain, or that may feel like a threat. Fear in human beings may occur in response to a specific stimulus occurring in the present, or in anticipation or expectation of a future threat perceived as a risk to body or life. The fear response arises from the perception of danger leading to confrontation with or escape from/avoiding the threat (also known as the fight-or-flight response), which in extreme cases of fear (horror and terror) can be a freeze response or paralysis. During my own panic attacks, I become so frightened of the visions that I scurry from anyone coming near me during an attack. In humans and animals, fear is modulated by the process of cognition and learning. Thus, fear is judged as rational or appropriate and irrational or inappropriate. An irrational fear is called a phobia. Fear can cause a chain reaction in the brain that starts with a stressful stimulus, which can be any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react in some way and end with the release of chemicals that cause a racing heart, fast breathing and energized muscles, among other things, also known as previously mentioned, the fight-or-flight response. When this occurs, it causes a change in metabolic and organ functions and ultimately a change in behavior such as fleeing, hiding, or freezing from perceived traumatic events. The stimulus could be a spider, a knife at your throat, trauma of many sorts from war to child abuse or an auditorium full of people waiting for you to speak or the sudden thud of your front door against the door frame. ­ More than 100 billion nerve cells comprise an intricate network of communications that is the starting point of everything we sense, think and do and this makes the brain a very complex and quite amazing organ. Some of these communications lead to conscious thought and action, while others produce autonomic responses. The fear response is almost entirely autonomic: We don't consciously trigger it or even know what's going on until it has run its course. Cells in the brain (neurons) are constantly transferring information through a thread like extension of a neuron called a dendrite that carries nerve impulses toward the cell body and triggers responses. There are dozens of areas of the brain at least peripherally involved in fear. But research has discovered that certain parts of the brain play central roles in the process: Thalamus - relays information to the cortex, processes and filters information and decides where to send incoming sensory data (from eyes, ears, mouth, skin) Sensory cortex –located in the parietal lobe and interprets sensory data Hippocampus - The hippocampus is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampuses, one in each side of the brain. The hippocampus belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation stores and retrieves conscious memories; processes sets of stimuli to establish context Amygdala - Conditions such as anxiety, autism, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and phobias are suspected of being linked to abnormal functioning of the amygdala, owing to damage, developmental problems, or neurotransmitter imbalance. It’s been shown to play a key role in the processing of emotions. The amygdala forms part of the limbic system. It decodes emotions; determines possible threat; stores fear memories Hypothalamus - Although this portion of the brain is small in size, it is involved in many necessary processes of the body including behavioral, autonomic (involuntary or unconscious), and endocrine functions, such as metabolism and growth and development. It also activates the "fight or flight" response ­­Creating fear begins with a scary stimulus and, as previously mentioned, ends with the fight-or-flight response. But there are at least two paths between the start and the end of the process. (2) So how can we combat or deal with the responses of PTSD or fear? Because the olfactory receptors are extremely sensitive, they can be easily stimulated by very subtle and sometimes subliminal scents. Techniques were developed for exploiting the ability of scents to arouse potent emotional reactions. A person could learn to associate pleasant scents with a sense of security and self-control. You could subsequently use this newfound association to overcome phobias and prevent panic attacks. This may be especially effective for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with episodes of anxiety, flashbacks, and dissociation triggered by smells. (3) Many combat veterans with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have an olfactory component to their traumatic memories that might be utilized by one technique. Thirty-six outpatients with chronic PTSD, featuring resistant olfactory-induced flashbacks, were tested. 58% of the subjects responded to treatment by a reduction of 50% or more stress. Improvement was maintained at 6-month and 1-year follow-ups. Use of medication was curtailed. The technique showed potential for providing benefit to individuals suffering from PTSD with olfactory components. (4) Silexan, a lavender oil preparation for oral use, had been authorized in Germany for the treatment of states of restlessness during anxious mood. An open-label, exploratory trial was performed to assess the potential of the medicinal product in the treatment of restlessness caused by anxiety as related to several disorders. Patients suffering from neurasthenia suffer irritibility, difficulty relaxing or chronic fatigue . With Silexan, it showed comparable improvements with most outcomes. The results in this trial justify to further investigate Silexan in disorders with accompanying restlessness caused by sub-threshold anxiety. Adverse reactions, predominantly gastrointestinal complaints, were judged as mild or moderate. (5) Considering that so many illnesses are stress related, Lavender holds a special place in both preventative health care and in the treatment of tension-related illnesses. It offers a soothing and antispasmodic effect. Many trauma patients also suffer from pain and discomfort. Lavender not only calms the stress but can bring relief to pain related to symptoms with its anti-inflammatory properties. It’s calming, tension relieving and sedative properties is a big benefit to PTSD and other stress related symptoms. There is growing evidence suggesting that lavender oil may be an effective medicament in treatment of several neurological disorders. Several animal and human investigations suggest other therapeutic properties including as an analgesic, and anti-convulsive and neuroprotector. These studies raised the possibility of revival of lavender therapeutic efficacy in neurological disorders. In the article, a survey on current experimental and clinical state of knowledge about the effect of lavender on the nervous system is given. (6) Lavendula angustifolia (lavender) inhalation was used in folk medicine ,although its mechanism of action is still not fully understood. The results of referenced article indicate an important role for the serotonergic system (denoting a nerve ending that releases and is stimulated by serotonin), in the anxiolytic-like effect of lavender essential oil (7) The next oil that is showing promise in many research documents is Citrus bergamia, also known as "Bergamot," which is a plant belonging to the Rutaceae family and is defined as a hybrid of bitter orange and lemon. It is an endemic plant of the Calabria region of Italy. Bergamot fruit is primarily used for the extraction of its essential oil. The referenced article is aimed at collecting data from the literature on C. bergamia essential oil and, through a critical analysis, focus on safety and the beneficial effects on human health. Clinical studies on the therapeutic applications of bergamot essential oil exclusively focus on the field of aromatherapy, suggesting that its use can be useful for reducing anxiety and stress. (8) (13) Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is used widely in aromatherapy to reduce stress and anxiety despite limited scientific evidence. A previous study showed that BEO significantly increased gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in rat hippocampus, suggesting potential anxiolytic properties. (9) Basil plays another important role. Amongst other properties, Basil is anti-spasmodic and a cephalic (in Aromatherapy, pertaining to remedies for the head). It can clear our minds and help to relieve voluntary or involuntary muscle spasms. Looking at a case study on a 37-year-old male with panic attacks and agoraphobia was taking venlafaxine 225 mg, alprazolam 2mg, and risperidone 2 mg daily, after 3 months of olfactory conditioning with Basil, he was able to go without his presently used drugs. At his 1-year follow-up, he was smelling Basil only once or twice a month and no longer suffered from panic attacks or agoraphobia. There were two cases studies mentioned with basil and with success in treating symptoms of PTSD. (10) During a single-blind randomized clinical trial, a comparison was made of the effects of massage therapy utilizing aromatherapy for anxiety and pain on burn victims, it was found that the aromatherapy reduced the anxiety and pain quickly. Anxiety and pain are recognized as major problems of burn patients; because pharmaceutical treatments for controlling anxiety and pain symptoms lead to complications and an increase in health costs, nonpharmacological nursing interventions were considered for this group of patients. This led to the present study aimed at comparing the effect of aromatherapy massage with inhalation aromatherapy for anxiety and pain in burn patients. The study results showed the positive effect of aromatherapy massage and inhalation aromatherapy compared with the control group in reducing both anxiety and pain of burn patients. (11) We’ve heard about the oils but what makes them so effective? The major chemical components that assist with the symptoms discussed is listed below. Linalool and Linalyl acetate are big contributors. (See chart below) (12) Below is a chart of not only the oils discussed but other essential oils that play a huge part in controlling symptoms. A blend has been formulated for inhalers as a direct route to the olfactory system. This is available on my website. Charting the chemistry and therapeutic actions of the oils gives clarity to the therapeutic as well as emotional support of the oils. Note: CNS=central nervous system​​. These oils also possess properties that are anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and much more than I can list. I wanted to highlight on properties most pertinent to PTSD, although all properties play a part in the overall healing process. Essential oils also offer phenomenal emotional and mental support. Basil offers energetic support, supports self-confidence and motivation as well as clears the mind and is emotionally uplifting. Ho Wood is calming to the mind, Roman Chamomile calms, soothes, sedates, lessens anxiety and stress, and harmonizes thoughts. Clary Sage reduces anxiety, calms the mind and is emotionally uplifting. Sweet Marjoram calms obsessive thinking, supports self-care, comforts and warms and has a calming effect to the heart and is known to assist with high blood pressure. Bergamot is relaxing, restorative, calming, emotionally uplifting, supports the release of repressed emotion and helps to reduce insomnia and anxiety. Lavender is calming, soothing and nurtures. It encourages balance in all the body systems. It has a strong ability to reduce anxiety and fear. Lavender helps to calm and control panic attacks. They all assist with sleeping as well. Essential oils alone may not be enough to control your symptoms, depending on the extent of them. If you are presently taking medication, I suggest integrating your oils into your routine. If later you feel you can cut back or even eliminate your medication, then is a great time to do so. Please consult with your physician as needed. Integrated medicine works best for many which is a balance of your pharmaceutical drugs (if you are presently taking them) as well as essential oils, herbs, nutrition, exercise (can include yoga, pilates, meditation) and therapy as needed. If you choose to use essential oils, consider the following blends to assist with symptoms. Essential oils should always be diluted with a carrier if used topically to avoid possible skin irritation. It does not weaken the effect of the oils. Dilution not only protects the skin, it slows the evaporation of the oils, allowing more of the absorbable components of the oils to enter the dermis (skin) and into the blood stream. The absorbance works similar to the absorption of hormone patches or pain patches or over the counter pain creams by absorbing into the skin and entering the blood stream. The suggested dilution rate is 2-5 %. 9 drops per ounce of carrier is equal to 1%. A suggested carrier would be an unscented lotion or fatty oil such as olive oil. See our article on carrier oils for a choice of possible carrier oils to blend with and their therapeutic actions. If you choose to use them through inhalation, the oils do not need to be diluted. This method can be done using inhalers (9 drops per inhaler) which can be purchased and drops added or you can use them through diffusion (15 drops). Diffusers are available online. Blends- These blends may also include oils with similar actions. Blend oils together and use the amount needed per application. PTSD · 5 drops Basil (Sweet) Ocimum basilicum ct linalool · 4 drops Ho Wood Cinnamomun camphora ct linalol · 3 drops R. Chamomile Chamaemelum nobile · 2 drops Clary Sage Salvia sclarea · 3 drops Sweet Marjoram Origanum marjorana · 5 drops Bergamot Citrus bergamia · 5 drops Lavender Lavendula angustifolia Deep Sleep · 10 drops Sweet Marjoram Origanum majorana · 10 drops Frankincense Boswellia neglecta · 10 drops Lavender Lavendula angustifolia · 5 drops Vetiver Chrysopogon zizanioides or Ruh Khus Vetiveria zizanioides Energy · 1 drop Basil (Sweet) Ocimum basilicum ct linalool · 4 drops Cypress Cypress Cupressaceae · 2 drops Grapefruit Citrus paradisi · 2 drops Vanilla Oleoresin Grief · 8 drops Ruh Khus Vetiveria zizaniodes · 5 drops Myrrh Commiphora myrrha · 4 drops Frankincense Boswellia carterii · 3 drops Lemon Citrus limon · 2 drops Helichrysum Helichrysum italicum · 2 drops Clary Sage Salvia sclarea Pain and Injury · 6 drops Bergamot Citrus Bergamia · 8 drops Black Pepper Piper nigrum · 14 drops Helichrysum Helichrysum italicum · 12 drops Copaiba balsam Copaifera officinalis Please take a moment to visit Valerie Pallotta, a Mother of love and conviction who is actively working on a grant for Veterans facing PTSD. Learn more at http://joshpallottafund.org/. This article is dedicated with deep love and affection to my daughter, Laura, who was diagnosed with PTSD in 2016. Research: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/index.shtml http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/emotions/fear.htm https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00784771 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267097904_PLEASE_SCROLL_DOWN_FOR_ARTICLE_Hypnotherapeutic_Olfactory_Conditioning_HOC_Case_Studies_of_Needle_Phobia_Panic_Disorder_and_Combat-Induced_PTSD https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22475718 https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2013/681304/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28579958 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273784711 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21105176 Clinical Aromatherapy Essential Oils in Healthcare, Jane Buckle, PhD, RN; pg. 234 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305417916301863 http://tisserandinstitute.org/learn-more/linalool/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28398260 Further Resources http://www.irjponline.com/admin/php/uploads/vol2-issue9/8.pdf https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/newsletters/research-quarterly/V28N2.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305417916301863 https://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-14-310 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/4/614 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093169 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6497960_Cerebral_Activation_to_Intranasal_Chemosensory_Trigeminal_Stimulation After further research, I'm adding additional references on PTSD and Aroma from Jane Buckles book, Clinical Aromatherapy Essential Oils in Healthcare; page 234: Abramovitz & Litchenberg, 2009 case study on Hypnotherapy (3 participants) Dileo et al, 2008 case study on War Veterans (31 participants) Hinton et al, 2004 case study on Combodian refugees (100 participants) Vasterling et al, 2000 case study on War Veterans (68 participants) Vermetten et al, 2007 case study on War Veterans (16 particpants) NOTE: A valuable book written and compiled by war Veteran Courtenay Nold, contains her experience in Afghanistan and how she copes with PTSD and most of the chapters are written by other Veterans and how they've coped. Our article is also in there. This article is dedicated to my daughter with PTSD. I also have SCPTSD and I found and am comforted by aromatics ability to ease symptoms of PTSD and more. Do you know someone with PTSD? Get a copy today. https://www.amazon.com/Total-War-PTSD-Courtenay-Nold/dp/B0CHKZH2TZ/ref=sr_1_1?crid=LTIW6ATAXPWX&keywords=total+war+on+ptsd&qid=1694541534&sprefix=total+war+on+ptsd%2Caps%2C134&sr=8-1

“Smell is a potent wizard that transports us across thousands of miles and all the years we have lived” Helen Keller Essential oil use is becoming increasingly popular. Every day we see companies opening across the country and on the internet. From small entrepreneurs, mlm (multi-level marketing) and larger companies, many say that they offer pure “therapeutic grade” essential oils, unlike any other company. However, there is no actual recognized grading system for essential oils. The term “therapeutic grade” was coined by a company (with others following suit) and has no meaning in the aromatic industry. Unless the company provides Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) reports that analyze the oil’s components, there is no guarantee of its purity. The analysis not only breaks down the chemical constituents of an oil, it also will pick up any synthetic ingredients present within the oil. Essential oils are a complex mixture of 20-200 organic compounds. Most reliable companies have these readily available on their site. Many have them upon request. By gaining a few key terms, these reports can help guide you in making informative safe decisions. Essential oil molecules are made up of chemical families and within the chemical families are the chemical components. As previously mentioned, GC/MS reports will show the breakdown of the chemical families and the constituents within these chemical families. There are chemical families and constituents that sends up red flags for children as well as elderly, those with sensitive skin and on medications or other health issues. Chemical families and components of concern that I call “red flagged” include Phenols (eugenol, thymol, and carvacrol), Aldehydes (neral and geranial), Ethers (methyl eugenol and methyl chavicol), Ketones (camphor, carvone, and menthone components) and Oxides (cineole). Essential oils are composed of several or more chemical families, but when these particular component categories (listed above) are dominant, it becomes a concern. However, as long as the suggested safety cautions are followed, these types of essential oils can be useful for certain individuals. Some of the essential oils that fall under these chemical families, and in this case, specifically Phenols include Clove bud Eugenia Caryophyllata)and Thyme Thymus vulgaris ct. thymol, Oregano Origanum vulgare, Cinnamon leaf Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamon bark Cinnamomum zeylanicum and tulsi (Holy basil) Ocimum sanctum ct eugenol. For aromatherapists, the essential oil analysis report is important in regard to the essential oil components and for aromatherapy blending. Many aromatherapists blend essential oils based on the chemical constituents shown in the analysis reports. Purchasing essential oils from a reliable company/supplier, always look for those with an ethical reputation as well as research their stance on sustainability for the plants. There are also watchdog groups on Facebook such as Essential oil Consumer Reports and other resources (including aromatherapy and herbal organizations) that provide both educational information and sources for reputable essential oil companies/suppliers. Finding a wide range of researched scientific based information ensure you are getting the best and purest essential oil for your money and family. One of the most concerning things in the aromatherapy profession that is of concern is the lack of safety information with the sales of essential oils, especially pertaining to use with children. Essential oils are 50-100 times more potent than its original plant form. So, if the rind of the lemon tends to burn your lips a little, imagine 50-100 times more potent with the use of lemon essential oil. Many people are told or under with the impression that you can use essential oils undiluted topically, leaving a path of injuries behind. (ref. 8,9). For some using milder essential oils, there may be none or very little reaction but for some the reaction is red, irritated, or burned skin. There are some essential oils that if used on the skin without being properly diluted, can cause mucous membrane and dermal irritation, burning and/or blistering. The main principal reactions to essential oils are contact urticarial (immediate hypersensitivity), allergic contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity), and photosensitivity/photo toxicity (with phototoxic type oils). With this in mind, one can only imagine the damage to tender mucous membranes. The second safety issue is the suggestive use of ‘drinking’ essential oils in water. The molecules of essential oils will not bind to water which means the essential oils and water do not blend. I’ve had people respond that they have done this practice for years with ‘no problem’. But what if the reaction or damage has not become apparent yet? Drinking water with essential oils such as peppermint with menthol, eucalyptus with 1,8-cineole or cinnamon bark with cinnamaldehyde can possibly lead to mucous membrane damage. This is not to say internal use is not done. However, this practice should be done safely and effectively with the direction of a Clinical Aromatherapist with additional education/training in this method. More importantly, why would we if we do not have the proper education in safety, especially with our little ones? So the question is, do we really want to take a chance with our children’s tender skin or the mucous membranes inside their little bodies? Let’s review “why we don’t use undiluted essential oils” or “drink” essential oils and then discuss how you can use these oils safely. Taking a brief look at the chemistry of essential oils is necessary to understand the need to follow safety recommendations. The word “essential” in essential oils (also known as volatile oils) is indicative of the nature or essence of essential oils. Because essential oils are insoluble, they do not form a homogeneous mixture (because they are not of the same element) when added with water, and for this reason, they are referred to as an oil. Essential oils are made of molecules. One drop of unadulterated essential oil contains approximately 40 million-trillion molecules. Considering that it only takes one molecule of the right kind to open a receptor site and communicate with the DNA to alter cellular function, you can see why even a small amount of oil can have profound effects on the body, brain, and emotions. This relationship helps explain why smells often trigger emotions. Knowing this, we can hypothesize how the use of essential oils can have very profound physiological and psychological effects. Of our seven senses, smell is the only one wired directly to the brain. Molecules are a collection of even smaller ingredients-neutrons, protons and electrons. The neutrons and protons live in the nucleus of the atom in the center. Neutrons have no weight or charge whereas the protons have a positive charge and electrons are the outer particle that spins around the atom. The word atom in Latin means “basic building block”. Molecules are made of 2 or more atoms. Heat will break this bond which is why we need to keep our essential oils stored in a cool environment. On a side note, the best solution is in a temperature-controlled refrigerator. Some essential oils are fine at room temperature. However, oils such as those that are phototoxic do not do well when exposed to heat sources. If you leave your essential oil in the heat, it can go from being a chemical composition of 3 carbons and 6 hydrogens (C3H6) to 3 carbons and 8 hydrogens (C3H8). This is the result of the bond being broken between the first and second carbons. Oxygen zipped into the bond with carbon, and it grabs a hydrogen atom to hold onto, because oxygen always makes two bonds. Once heat and oxygen hit those molecules the chemistry has now changed. This degrades the essential oil and now it’s unclear what the composition is unless you have the oil retested. Oxidation also effects the potency or stability of the oil. Tisserand noted that Orafidiya (1993) tested oxidized lemongrass oil and it had lost much of its antibacterial activity. Other studies are noted. Keeping essential oils at a temperature of 65 degrees, with lids tightly closed will help to achieve their shelf life. Shelf life varies with essential oils. Changes to Essential oils each have their own unique set of carbon compound, mainly carbon and hydrogen (hydrocarbon) with one or more functional groups attached. Hydrocarbons can vary in size. That is why, for example, rose essential oil has a different aroma than eucalyptus. A long time ago in a faraway place (I like that line), alchemists gave way to chemists and they eventually found the “basic building blocks” of all life. And these basic building blocks apply to essential oils as well. The lack of knowledge or belief that essential oils involves chemistry is why we continuously see an increase in injury reports involving the misuse of essential oils. When we refer to chemistry when speaking of essential oils, generally the first response is “what does chemistry have to do with it. They are natural”. Although true, nature, in all its glory, involves chemistry. Having the basic knowledge of the chemistry of essential oils allows you to make smarter, safer decisions when using them. This little bit of knowledge also will allow one to blend more efficiently and more effectively. Research has documented time and again that some essential oils can irritate the skin, especially the young tender skin of a child. If you use oils such as peppermint (with menthol), clove (with eugenol) or similar oils they can cause irritation, sensitization, or worse, burn the skin. Yet some sources will say that these essential oils and others can be used undiluted. I’ve heard the “myth” that if you react, it is your body detoxing. That simply is not true. Essential oils do not detox the body. Diluting protects the body and did you know that diluting with a carrier oil increases the effectiveness of the essential oil? It’s true. Essential oils will bind to what is referred to as a carrier oil (fixed oil) and since essential oils are volatile (they evaporate quickly), blending with a fixed oil slows down the evaporation rate and this in turn allows more essential oils to enter the skin to the stratum corneum then to the dermis and travel into the bloodstream, across the blood brain barrier, then into the tissues throughout the body. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a physical barrier that prevents entry of large and potentially toxic molecules into the brain, thus separating the central nervous system and systemic circulation. It is formed by tight junctions between brain endothelial cells, which selectively prevent the diffusion of hydrophilic molecules and pathogens such as bacteria from entering the brain parenchyma. It’s remarkable that essential oil molecules can cross this barrier. The sense of smell is remarkable. In 2007, a study at the University of Chicago, research demonstrated the importance of smell as a means for people to gather information from their environment. Smell is often an undervalued sense because people are more aware of the visual aspects of their perceptions. We are used to our visual senses and we forget about smell. If we consciously use that sense of smell, it’s remarkable how it can affect our other senses, even making our visual sense more enhanced as we inhale the aroma. The carrier oil serves as a protective shield between the essential oil and the skin. However, even with a carrier, Tisserand suggests maximum dosing or blending percentages per each essential oil based on the components within each individual oil. With this knowledge and this approach, people may have the desire to blend because it becomes apparently clear that you can get more benefits from the oils with proper dilution. Taking a scientific approach may spark a different light in people and how they use essential oils. Carrier oils (aka fixed oils) are derived from plants and include nuts, seeds, or fruits sources. They aren’t volatile like essential oils are, but they do have remarkable therapeutic effects and pair well with essential oils. They tend to be heavier than essential oils and are very safe for the skin. Carrier oils include cold pressed vegetable oils and jojoba oil (a liquid wax), as well as other bases such as: hydrosols, herbs, sea salt, sugars (as an exfoliant), milk powders, clays and muds. While using essential oils topically, we are simultaneously inhaling them and in turn both applications stimulate the brain to trigger a reaction and this supplies the therapeutic benefit of the essential oil. Essential oils work in the same manner as, for example, topical creams that you buy over the counter to ease pain, or antibiotic ointment or hormonal cream that is topically applied and enter the skin. Carrier oils do not enter our skin but do a great job making sure as much essential oil as possible has time to enter our skin before evaporating. The solubility in the various aqueous and fatty body compartments largely effects and determines the distribution of substances through the body. Similarly, the relative lipid and water solubility is what effects the substances reaching the bloodstream from tissue distribution via the site of administration. There is much more that occurs within the body. But most importantly, ‘diffusion into the brain’ (Tisserand, EO Safety, pg.51) means the substance needs to be lipophilic to pass the blood brain barrier. Essential oils constituents are able to penetrate that barrier. How does this effect the safety of children and essential oils? Children, especially under the age of five years old, are the most vulnerable and although essential oils can have a positive impact on their health when used accordingly, this also means that if used unsafely on a child, some oils can have a negative impact. To clarify the positive therapeutic actions of an essential oil as well as the negative reactions of an essential oil, we’ll look at peppermint (Mentha x piperita). The cooling effect of peppermint is from the component menthol. Menthol serves as a pain reliever (analgesic), anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial. It’s cooling when used in low doses and warming in higher doses and has several other benefits. It also comes with a host of safety cautions and contraindications. If you are taking calcium channel antagonists, use caution, it can be a concern with peppermint. Calcium channel blockers, also called calcium antagonists, treat a variety of conditions, such as high blood pressure, migraines and Raynaud's disease. Peppermint essential oil is a calcium channel blocker and may alter the effects of these drugs. Peppermint may potentiate this type of medication. Peppermint should be avoided if you have been diagnosed with or suspect you may have GERD, gastro esophageal reflux disease. Menthol-rich essential oils should also be avoided if they are listed to avoid their use with the following medications: antimalarial, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, streptomycin or aspirin. Peppermint essential oil should be avoided with children younger than 5 years of age because of the possibility of neurotoxic effects. With such safety concerns, it should be apparently clear as to the effects of peppermint essential oil with its use (topically or internally) with a small child, topically or internally. With the use of essential oils that have the potential to cause irritation (skin and mucous membranes) even when diluted, be aware of this factor when trying new essential oils with yourself or when introducing to your family or friends, always do a small skin patch test prior to topical use. A skin patch test is simply applying a small amount of the diluted essential oil/s to the thin skin of the inside of the wrist. If no reaction appears within 10 minutes it should be safe to use the oil/blend. In regards to what is considered “safe” essential oils for children, I use no more than a maximum 2% dilution (18 drops per one ounce of carrier oil) for acute or chronic issues; this is also dependent on the age and health of the child. However, it’s always better to start with less to find the strength needed without overdoing. Less is more. With all this in mind, how do we safely use essential oils with our children? Diffusion There are many diffusers available these days that are especially made for essential oils. Diffusion works by distributing essential oil molecules through the air. Once in the air, they are inhaled and come into contact with nerves that send them directly to the brain. This is a quick and safe way of letting the essential oils go to work for you. You can either use a diffuser or direct inhalation. Inhalation plays a huge role in aromatherapy and presents a very low risk to most people. During inhalation, odor molecules travel through the nose and affect the brain through a variety of receptor sites, one being the limbic system, which commonly is referred to as the emotional brain. The limbic system is directly connected to those parts of the brain that control heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, memory, stress levels, and hormone balance (Higley & Higley, 1998). This relationship helps explain why smells often trigger emotions. With this information, we can hypothesize how inhaling essential oils can have some very profound physiological and psychological effects. Also while inhaling, the oils pass down the trachea and into the bronchi, and down into the lungs. More details on this process can be found in Tisserand and Young, Essential Oil Safety, 2nd ed. pg. 49. After essential oils reach the bloodstream, they enter the central nervous system (CNS) quite easily. With this being the case, it’s imperative that we safely use essential oils since this easy access to the CNS can also pose serious issues and complication when essential oils with cautionary concerns are ignored, especially with our little ones. On diffusion and children, Tisserand states, (2nd Ed. Essential Oil Safety, pg. 658) “A few drops of essential oil in a burner, vaporizer or in a steam inhalation is virtually risk-free. However, prolonged inhalation (more than about 30 minutes) of concentrated essential oils vapors (e.g. steam inhalation, or direct from a bottle) can lead to headaches, vertigo, nausea, and lethargy. In certain instances more serious symptoms might be experienced, such as incoherence and double vision. For children of 5 years old or less, direct inhalation should be avoided. Direct inhalation includes inhaling essential oils from the hands, a cotton ball, a nasal inhaler, a bowl of hot water or similar. Indirect or ambient inhalation, is safe for young children, and includes any method that vaporizes essential oils into the air”. On page 9, Tisserand continues “perhaps 10 minutes or more” break between diffusions would be advisable. Although this is a safe method of application, Tisserand states it excludes premature babies, (Tisserand and Young, EO Safety, pg. 659) as well as the health of the child, i.e.; medications, asthma, etc. The diffusion method doesn’t erase the importance of the individual oil safety precautions. Some essential oils, no matter what method, are not safe for children so please seek advice from a reputable source on essential oil safety. I’ve worked my way through Tisserand and Young’s 2nd Edition of Safety of Essential Oils book; the one book I refer to when it comes to safety for children. If you purchase this book, I encourage you to read through it first. Not one section, chapter or page will have all the information in one place that is needed to accurately and safely use your essential oils. I used various highlighters and highlighted and tagged the pages on everything for children. I suggest this because I personally have seen a sentence taken as an answer, although had the person researched further, there was more specific information that was of importance and relevance to the final outcome. Research is key. I asked Robert for a more definitive answer on diffusion with the little ones. From Robert Tisserand: "I think after 3 months is OK, so long as diffusion is not too intensive. I know that's vague, but air concentration of volatiles is hard to pin down, and even if we could - there's no clear guideline." I feel that inhalers would fall under “direct inhalation” and should be avoided for those 5 and under. With this and since each child is an individual with their own weight, health and age, apply your Mommy instincts for your own child/children. Topical/Dermal Use A great deal of caution should be used with topical application on infants since their skin does not mature until around three months; excluding premature infants. Infant’s skin is not only more sensitive to essential oils but the absorption rate is higher because the skin is more permeable. Bathing children with essential oils requires great caution, however it can be done safely. Use 1 ounce of a water-soluble medium to blend with (jojoba oil is a favorite for this purpose) and 9 drops of lavender (Lavendula angustifolia). Add to bath salts and then add ½-1 tablespoon to bath, depending on how full you run the bath. Then your little one can enjoy a relaxing bath before nighty night time. Lavender serves so many purposes and it really is a perfect essential oil for children. However, even with lavender, it’s still important to do a skin patch test since there has been noted an occasion of irritation from lavender. With multiple therapeutic properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, analgesic, sedative, respiratory support and more, this is my go to for children. For topical use, Tisserand suggests the following: “Age-related recommended and maximum concentrations of essential oils for massage” Age Essential Oil Dilution Rates for Children Recommended (%) Maximum (%) Premature infant 0 0 Up to 3 Months 0.1 0.2 3-24 months 0.25 0.5 2-6 1.0 2.0 6-15 years 1.5 3.0 15 + years 2.5 5.0 Tisserand states that these concentrations aren’t researched based. These are, however, safety suggestions from one of the top experts in the industry. Different factors can affect the absorption of essential oils through the skin. Warming the area up first with either a warm cloth (if wet, dry thoroughly) or heating pad, then massage the area, will increase the circulation to that area which in turn will allow more absorption of the essential oils. As to how much is absorbed into the body is determined by several factors. First how much is used and the total dilution rate. The next thing to consider is how they are dispersed, what is the overall area of the body being applied to, the health of the skin and the age of your client. As mentioned above, the temperature also effects the absorption, and this can increase by adding a warm cover over the skin after oils are applied. And of course, what essential oils you choose affects the final outcome. Once again, apply your Mommy instincts. Always look up individual safety guidelines for each essential oil as some are not meant to be used topically on children or require more of a dilution rate. You can find other useful information and guidance at NAHA (National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy) at http://naha.org. A big thank you to Kelly Holland Azzaro, RA, CCAP, CBFP, LMT for encouraging words and guidance. Resources Essential Oils and the Detox theory; (2016, November 22). Retrieved May 17, 2017, from http://tisserandinstitute.org/essential-oils-and-the-detox-theory. Essential Oil Composition Summary, pg. 21; Tisserand, R., & Young, R.; Essential Oil Safety, 2nd Edition. Churchill Livingston Toxicity, pg. 38, Tisserand, R. & Young, R.; Essential Oils Safety, 2nd Edition (2014), Churchill Livingston Dermal Dosing, Infants and Children, pg. 47; Tisserand, R. & Young, R. 2nd Edition (2014), Churchill Livingston The Skin; pg. 97; Tisserand, R. & Young, R. 2nd Edition (2014), Churchill Livingston Safety Information. (n.d.). Dermal Dosing. Retrieved May 17, 2017, from http://naha.org/explore-aromatherapy/safety/. Peppermint https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6850741#section=Top University of Chicago. "Brain Processes Sense Of Smell Better Than Previously Thought." ScienceDaily.30 April 2007. . Adverse Reaction Reports (n.d.). Retrieved March 6, 2017, from http://www.atlanticinstitute.com/. Adverse Reactions Database; (n.d.). Retrieved March 6, 2017, from http://tisserandinstitute.org/safety/adverse-reaction-database/. Safety Guidelines; (n.d.). Retrieved April 2, 2107, from http://tisserandinstitute.org/safety/safety-guidelines/. TC USA Inc. (n.d.). Retrieved May 17, 2017, from http://www.zenitech.com/ Toxicity_of_essential_oils_p1.pdf Essential Oils are Poisonous when misused, (n.d.). Retrieved May 17, 2017, from http://www.poison.org/articles/2014-jun/essential-oils. #carrieroil #essentialoil #health

Summer is upon us. We are planning our family vacations, beach time, summer gatherings, and ball games. But along with the fun comes bug bites, booboos and sun burns. No matter how we protect our children, they are, after all, children and we want them to play and have fun. As moms, we need to be prepared with remedies. Right in our own yard nature abounds with medicinal weeds popping up. By planting our own small crop of medicinal plants like aloe vera, mints, oregano or rosemary we can be equipped to make our own homespun remedies. If you live in the country as we do, poison ivy is everywhere and someone is eventually going to get it on them (or develop a rash). Aloe vera is great to have on hand for this and many other skin issues like scrapes and cuts. You can use the leaf fresh by, cutting it open and applying it directly on the site or it may be added to lotions, creams, and salves. The rash is often healed by the next day... Other great herbs to keep on hand for poultices are St. John’s wort, calendula and arnica. [1] Each year, I make a batch of balm for bug bites. These handy little roll-ons are great and when applied, they stop the itch. See recipe page (to be added). To help minimize the bugs, you can plant lemon balm, lemongrass, lavender, peppermint and vetiver throughout the yard. Let’s not forget the weeds as there are many that are medicinal. In your weed patch, you may find weeds such as plantain or dandelion. Both plantain and dandelion have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The greens of the dandelion is highly nutritional. Dandelion is very rich in protein, magnesium, phosphorous, iron, niacin, riboflavin, magnesium, potassium and vitamins A, B, C, D, G and E. The leaves, amazingly enough, contain 7,000 units of vitamin A per ounce. In comparison to lettuce being 1,200 units per ounce of vitamin C, and to carrot being 1,275 units per ounce is quite astounding.(5) Then there is that sticky little Chickweed also referred to as “catchweed” that is so soothing and healing to the skin. Chickweed is also full of nutrients in its sweet little tender greens and is great in salads. You can grab a handful of chickweed tops and mash them with a little water and make a mash. Place the mash in a cloth and hold to the scrapes and irritated skin as a poultice. Harvesting weeds and plants is one of my favorite things to do. Herbs should be harvested when the oils responsible for flavor and aroma are at their peak, early in the morning. Proper timing depends on the plant part you are harvesting and the intended use. Herbs grown for their foliage should be harvested before they flower. While chives are quite attractive in bloom, flowering can cause the foliage to develop an off-flavor. Harvest herbs grown for seeds as the seed pods change in color from green to brown to gray but before they shatter (open). Collect herb flowers, such as borage and chamomile, just before full flower. Harvest herb roots, such as bloodroot, chicory, ginseng, and goldenseal, in the fall after the foliage fades. There are many methods of drying your herbs. You can hang them, lay them out on a rack in the sun, or use an electric dehydrator. For salves, I dry some herbs and medicinal weeds and blend them into a fine powder. With this powder and a few ingredients such as beeswax, aloe, jojoba or other carrier oils and some essential oils you can make a healing salve. If you have skin healing essential oils like Helichrysum, Lavender, Myrrh, and Frankincense, it’s even a stronger foundation of healing. When combining your herbs or medicinal weeds with essential oils, you have a powerhouse of healing. In the southeast, it can get into the upper nineties in the afternoons. Keeping cool can be a challenge. Hydrosols are a wonderful way to cool right down. A hydrosol is the aromatic water that remains after producing an essential oil via steam or water distillation. Hydrosols are the perfect solution for young children and sensitive skin. Some plants are specifically distilled for the resulting hydrosol instead of the hydrosol being simply a byproduct of the distillation. [2] Hydrosols are gently aromatic, soothing and are a wonderful addition to room mists and body sprays intended to help keep you cool and refreshed. Unlike essential oils that should be diluted prior to application to the skin, hydrosols are water soluble, are much more gentle than their essential oil counterparts and can be used directly on the skin without further dilution. My personal hydrosol favorites for use in cooling and summertime products are neroli hydrosol, lavender hydrosol and peppermint hydrosol. So many other hydrosols are also wonderful to use as a basis for a personal spray or room mist. bulgarian rose, roman chamomile, frankincense, and Helichrysum are a few others that come to mind. Quality hydrosols can be hard to find so I have included a reference for you with wonderful quality hydrosols called Aromatics International. [3] We can’t leave out dehydration! Summer is good for detoxing as we sweat out the bad stuff. But we have to put back the lost fluids. A goal of 8 glasses a day is optimal but isn’t always convenient. For those times when we don’t get enough water, we need to rehydrate and you can make your own rehydrating drinks. Store bought rehydrating drinks are full of sugars and chemicals. “When you're dehydrated, you lose sugar and salts, as well as water. Drinking a rehydration solution will enable you to re-establish the right balance of body fluids. The solution should contain a mixture of potassium and sodium salts, as well as glucose or starch.”(4) By using salt, baking soda, honey or stevia, lemon and/or lime juice, you can make a great rehydrating drink. [4] Keeping our children happy and healthy during the summer months makes summer much more enjoyable for them and Moms alike. Gladstar, R. (2012). Rosemary Gladstar's medicinal herbs: A beginner's guide. North Adams, MA: Storey Pub. Hydrosol Uses. (n.d.). Retrieved June 07, 2016, from http://www.aromaweb.com/hydrosols/hydrosol-uses.asp Essential Oil Blends Recipes | Aromatics International. (n.d.). Retrieved June 07, 2016, from https://www.aromatics.com/products/all?search=hydrosols Dehydration - Treatment . (n.d.). Retrieved June 07, 2016, from http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Dehydration/Pages/Treatment.aspx Chevallier, A. (2000). Natural health encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.; Taraxacum officinale Dandelion; pg.141-142 #health #essentialoil